The Inability To Provide For His Family, And Why It Drove Mr. Shimerda

The Inability to Provide for His Family, and Why it Drove Mr. Shimerda to Suicide My Antonia, by Willa Cather, is a novel about Jim Burden and his relationship and encounters growing up with Antonia Shimerda in Nebraska. All through the book Jim ponders his recollections of Nebraska and the Shimerda family, as a rule in a dismal and discouraging tone. One of the fundamental ways Cather can incite these miserable feelings inside the peruser is through the self destruction of Antonia's dad, Mr. Shimerda. His passing was startling by everybody and it is believed that yearning to go home is the thing that drove him to end his own life. Pining to go home was unquestionably felt by Mr. Shimerda, as it was by many, however it was the inability to satisfactorily figure out how to accommodate his family that sent Mr. Shimerda into a discouraging descending winding that left him no predictable other option however to end his own life. The primary depictions of Mr. Shimerda are that of a fruitful representative that had consistently given well to his family. I saw how white and very much molded his own hands were. They looked quiet, by one way or another, and talented. His eyes were despairing, and were interfered with profound under his forehead. His face was toughly shaped, yet it looked like cinders - like something from which all the glow and light had dried out. Everything about this elderly person was with regards to his honorable way (24) Mr. Shimerda was surely a prosperous man in Bohemia, yet had made his living in the business world, not by running a homestead to accommodate his family's needs. His hands show that he infrequently performed hard difficult work, yet that he accomplished buckle down with his hands to weave. His face anyway gives indications that he was at that point having questions about the government assistance of his family and their endurance. The clear sparkle that he should have once had was presently supplanted by the appearance of overwhelming contemplations. This originated from the weight of accommodating his family by method of new and troublesome methods. He had just lost a lot of cash in the family's voyaging costs and overpaid for their property. They paid an abundant excess for the land and for the bulls, ponies and cookstove (22). Mr. Shimerda must not have felt that he would need to help his family by methods for furrowing fields for food and really fabricating a home from materials assembled from the earth. He was a businessperson and made a life for his family in Bohemia by working. He was a weaver in terms of professional career; had been a talented work man on embroideries and upholstery materials (22). There was no work for him in this new nation and he didn't have the cash to migrate his family. Surely before he left Bohemia he accepted that they had all that anyone could need cash to get by. The truth of his family's conditions was simply starting to show their effect. Antonia calls attention to Jim that Mr. Shimerda looks sick My dad wiped out constantly Tony gasped as we flew. He not look great, Jim (36). Clearly Mr. Shimerda was appallingly focused and was gazing to show it genuinely. In all likelihood he looked sick because of not resting and eating. By and by, Mr. Shimerda needed urgently do as well as could be expected for his family. He moved his family with the expectations of discovering great spouses for his little girls and riches and land for his child. He calls onto Jim to instruct Antonia to peruse. He does as such in an arguing, vulnerable way which leaves an exceptional memory in Jim's brain. Jim takes on the errand, yet lamentably Mr. Shimerda gets little assistance from any other individual in the town for anything. Mr. Shimerda never truly comprehends why he gets essentially little assistance from neighbors getting the homestead moving. He thinks nothing about running the ranch, and didn't have the suitable instruments vital. He and his family then again are trusting and would give the shirts away from them to any individual who required anything from them. There never were such a people as the Shimerdas for needing to part with all that they had

Dreams Understanding Essay Example For Students

Dreams Understanding Essay The inner mind is typically the correct side of the cerebrum or the contrary side ofthe people composing hand. Inside the inner mind lie various kinds of thingssuch as stifled feelings, imagination, and fundamental human impulse (Ullman andZimmerman 1979). The cognizant piece of the brain works when individuals are conscious andis the piece of the psyche that handles things that individuals can comprehend. No onetruly knows why an individual cannot cooperate with the psyche while awake,however examines show that fantasies are a manner by which individuals can better comprehendits conduct. The state of the body during dreaming is fascinating becausethe mind stop every single tangible receptor in this manner, dropping every single substantial drive (Ullmanand Zimmerman 1979). This places the body in a practically paraplegic state. The brainhowever keeps on controlling every single autonomic capacity, for example, blood stream, heartpulsation, and lung expansion. During the rest, homeos tasis will fluctuatebecause rest happens on four phases (Davidmann, 1998). The individual goes fromawake to arrange 1, at that point to 2, 3, lastly 4, the most profound phase of rest. Afterspending around twenty minutes in stage 4, they come back to organize 1 and progressback to arrange 4. The individual will keep on making these cycles throughouttheir rest. Most people will understanding around 4 to 5 cycles per night (Davidmann,1998). This is the reason people are increasingly able to wake up at explicit occasions in the nightand not inconsistently (the vast majority don't see this be that as it may). During stage 1the individual will encounter what has been named REM (Rapid Eye Movement), Iwill make further elaboration on REM immediately. For the time being I might want to pointout that during REM the body will give more indications of cognizance byspontaneous muscle constrictions, flog discharge, and oculomotercoordination (eye development). The body will encounter these press ures andreactions since this is the dynamic time of rest in the normal human (Davidmann,1998). I talked before of REM (Rapid Eye Movement); it is the time where theindividual will have their fantasies. Nathaniel Kleitman found it in 1953. Italways happens in the lightest phase of rest, stage 1. It has been given itsname in view of the muscle constrictions in the eye engine receptors. Theseelectrical driving forces begin from the cerebrum stem and afterward travel to the eyes toproduce symbolism. The impetuses for these driving forces are activated by thesubconscious mind and the feelings inside it (Davidmann, 1998). The REM willusually start an hour and a half after rest is started and will last generally tento fifteen minutes (Davidmann, 1998). It is during the ten to fifteen minutesthat dreams happen. The REM will end and the individual will slip into deepersleeps, until the forward stage is reached. When this happens the brain starts tocome out of the more profound rest stages un til it arrives at the REM by and by. Theinteresting factor is that each time the sleeper enters the REM period of sleepthe REM stage will increment long. This rehashes four to multiple times in theaverage rest. The explanation the fantasies happen in the REM or the lightest stage isbecause this is the main stage wherein the cognizant brain can decipher theimagery of the psyche. It is not necessarily the case that the subliminal doesntremain dynamic in more profound rest organizes however the cognizant psyche isnt alert enoughto interpret the symbolism the inner mind makes in profound rest. A goodpersonification portrayal of this is to state that the cognizant basically cantswim as profound as the inner mind. The REM is likewise intriguing in such a case that aperson doesn't encounter it they will experience the ill effects of different dozing disordersbecause it is required by the body simply like daylight is required. Individuals whoexperience misrepresented REM will experience the ill effects of exhaustion and rest depravation whilethey are alert. Normally, a completely developed individual has around 4 to 5 patterns of REMsleep, comprising of about 25% of an evenings rest. An infant childs rest canconsist of as high as half REM type rest (Davidmann, 1998). As I previouslystated, an individual would experience the rest stage cycle four to multiple times anight, consequently four to five dreams for each night. In view of this it can becalculated the normal individual will have 136,000 dreams in a lifetime,spending around six complete a very long time in the REM stage dreaming. Intellectually retardedindividuals or individuals with low IQs will in general invest less energy in the REM typesleep, yet other mental issue are fit for starting more REM type rest. .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .postImageUrl , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:hover , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:visited , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:active { border:0!important; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:active , .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534 bb272c2c632aaab .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0a16990cdb4df4534bb272c2c632aaab:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Homeless in England Essay The explanation behind this is obscure. Since the diagnostics of dreams has beencovered I might want to concentrate on the beginning of dreams from a clinical viewpoint. As an outcome, memory, tangible, muscle-control, and psychological territories of thebrain are haphazardly invigorated, bringing about the higher cortical mind attemptingto understand it. The explanation behind these incitements is obscure butvarious clinical scientists accept they are the delayed consequences of certainchemical responses in the mind. This, as indicated by the examination, gives rise tothe experience of a fantasy, however there is debate of the topic of whetherdreams have purposeful importance. Numerous psychotherapists concur that fantasies arestimulated by motivations from the cerebrum stem however they have real significance and arenot just mental trips.

Types of Anxiety That College Students Often Experience

Types of Anxiety That College Students Often Experience GAD Coping Print Common Types of Anxiety Disorders College Students Experience By William Meek Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on January 23, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on February 15, 2020 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children PeopleImages/ Getty Images If youre getting ready to graduate high school, going to college for the first time, or just returning after a holiday break, college life can make your generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) worse.?? The stress and changes from moving into your dorm room, entering new classes for the first time, or even leaving your parents home can be stressful and difficult. The following is a brief overview of some common issues college students with and without GAD face along with tips to help manage your anxiety while at school. Anticipatory Anxiety One type of anxiety that is common for all people but can be more pronounced and uncomfortable for people with generalized anxiety disorder  is anticipatory anxiety.?? This is a type of anxiety that occurs leading up to a predicted event or occurrence. You can get anticipatory anxiety anytime you are waiting for things, ranging from something as simple as a phone call to something more important like your wedding day. College is a new and exciting milestone so its common to have anticipatory anxiety in the weeks before heading off to campus. So what can you do to cope with anticipatory anxiety? One common suggestion for anticipatory anxiety is to simply try and enjoy it. Many people say they feel “alive” when waiting for something, and if you can shift your mindset away from one that is trying to escape or get a situation over with, you may enjoy this sensation rather than try to end it. But anticipatory anxiety can be much more serious if you have GAD. ??For some, it can be crippling, preventing you from preparing for school appropriately or even making you consider not going to school at all. If your anxiety has gotten so bad that it is interfering with your plans and your life, talk to your parents and your doctor about getting help through therapy or medication. Coping With Anticipatory Anxiety Separation Anxiety Another form of anxiety that can be associated with college is separation anxiety.?? Teens who are leaving home can struggle with the anxiety of being on their own for the first time. This anxiety often occurs within the first few weeks to months of going off to college. Many people will cope by calling or visiting home frequently while others face homesickness. Homesickness is a natural developmental process that can be helped by having regular and warm conversations with family and friends who can give you support. Most students will overcome these feelings once they can connect with their campus and other students, but there are some students who may not be socially or emotionally ready to make the leap. If you feel that you cannot go away from home, therapy is one option, but going to a school locally is another valid approach. You can still get a valuable education but remain at home while you undergo treatment for GAD. Social Anxiety Teens with social anxiety can have a challenging time in college. After all, much of campus life is socialâ€"from participating in class to initiating friendships or romantic relationships to approaching your professors. Many students with social anxiety seek professional help from a mental health professional (on or off-campus), and you can also do additional things on your own while receiving treatment. For example, if you are worried about an upcoming class presentation, try to choose a topic that you are really passionate about. Fostering passion will make it much easier to share your knowledge with the class. Or, if youre having anxiety about making friends, approach someone who also seems shy or anxious so the interaction is less intimidating. How to Overcome Social Anxiety at College Test Anxiety Bad study habits, poor past test performance, unrealistic expectations, and underlying anxiety problems can all contribute to test anxiety, which can take a major toll on your academic success.?? In addition to talking to your professor and/or student counselor about test anxiety, there are some ways to help you stay calm and focused come exam time. Techniques can include making sure youre prepared, getting enough rest, taking deep breaths when you begin to feel anxious, and doing your best to push away any negative thoughts. Test Anxiety Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments Anxiety Over Peer Pressure Peer pressure in college can be tough to deal with, whether its pressure to drink, use drugs, have sex, or just fit in. Many students are anxious about the college party experience, for example, and the ability to make the right decisions without the guidance of parents or caregivers. One way to avoid peer pressure is to get involved in clubs or organizations or sports, which can help you meet like-minded peers and may minimize the need for social acceptance from others. A Word From Verywell While developing coping strategies that can help you manage your anxiety is a great first step, you dont have to through it alone. Most colleges and universities have some form of a counseling center on campus that can help with feelings of anxiety, whether you have been diagnosed with GAD or not. If youre feeling particularly anxious, consider making an appointment with a college counselor or joining an online anxiety support group. For people with GAD, seeking outside help can be especially important  since that continued support can make the difference between a pleasant and turbulent college experience. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Diary of Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis - 1454 Words

Statement of Intent While acknowledging that most narratives written in the third person can be adequately revealing, and that a third perspective is sometimes necessary or even essential to the success of a particular narrative; taking into account the context, themes, and symbols of this work, I strongly believe that a personal diary would be imperative if one was seeking to decode some of the underlying emotions, thoughts, and experiences that can be overshadowed by a lack of a first person point of view in the body of a work. Another reason for this approach is that there is a strong correlation between a diary and discovering the workings and development of one’s actions and objectives, and that is exactly what needs exploration in†¦show more content†¦Ever since my father chased me, and threw apples at me, even managing to stick one in my back, the bedroom has become my domain—a place of refuge—for if I ever stepped a foot out of the boundaries of my confinement, my f ather, and God forbid, my mother and only sister would extinguish my being. But what more could they do to harm me that they haven’t already done? What more could they do to alienate me from my job; even my body so that I can no longer recognize distinct features that characterized my identity? While I have lost a segment of my humanity; my voice, I have ironically regained a greater portion of my humanity, so that my qualities become clearly defined and accentuated, in a manner that uncovers truth concerning both myself and members of my family. I have distinguished myself entirely from my household, because in my transformation I am separated from them, mostly by neglect and abuse, and because I have convinced myself of the truth—that perhaps it was better this way for them and me. Throughout this time, I have come to realize what matters most—that is, caring about myself for once and nourishing my needs. I now remember the time when my mother and sister deci ded to remove some of the furniture in my room, and how deeply distressed I was then and after. The reason being, those were the only possessions I had left of my old life and they were the only things thatShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 PagesEssay: â€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of hisRead More The Metamorphosis as a Depiction of Franz Kafkas Life Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Metamorphosis as a Depiction of Franz Kafkas Life The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafkas best works of literature. It shows the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance of others when in a time of need. In this novel Kafka directly reflects upon many of the negative aspects of his personal life, both mentally and physically. The relationship between Gregor and his father is in many ways similar to Franz and his father Herrman. The MetamorphosisRead MoreExploration of the Common Ground Occupied by the Metamorphosis and the Wasp Factory.996 Words   |  4 PagesMetamorphosis by Franz Kafka explores the troubles of a young man named Gregor. The Wasp Factory explores the troubles of a young man named Frank. In Metamorphosis, the protagonist in the story is Gregor Samsa. He is a travelling salesman who awakes one morning to discover he has turned into an insect. It seems that Gregors only use purpose in life is to work and support his family; this seems his own concern when he finds himself as an insect. The next train went at seven oclock; to catchRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdegradation and cruelty. (Bloom) The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It shows the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance of others when in a time of need. (Bloom) The Metamorphosis is about a young man, Gregor Samsa, who is transformed overnight into a bug. He soon becomes a disgrace to his family. After his metamorphosis, his family goes through an even bigger change than Gregor. In this novel Kafka directly reflectsRead MoreThe First Novel Nausea By Jean Paul Sartre1939 Words   |  8 Pag esMetamorphosis In the year 1938, a French philosopher and writer, Jean Paul-Sartre, published his first novel Nausea. The main protagonist, Antoine Roquentin lives a lonely life of a classic ‘superfluous man’, term used in many Russian novels, and starts to write a diary to help him understand his sudden attacks of nausea. In the novel Nausea, Roquentin questions himself: â€Å"What if something were to happen? What if something suddenly started throbbing? Then they would notice it was there and theyRead MoreThe Dehumanizing Effect of Alienation and the Restoration of Self Identity in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis788 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, Franz Kafka focuses on the topic of alienation and considers its underlying effect on self identity. The alienation Kafka promotes is propagated towards the main character Gregor Samsa, who inevitably transforms into a giant cockroach. The alienation by family relations affects him to the exte nt that he prioritizes his extensive need to be the family’s provider before his own well-being. This overwhelming need to provide inevitably diminishes Gregor’s ability toRead More Franz Kafkas Life Reflected in his Work, The Metamorphosis Essay2398 Words   |  10 PagesFranz Kafkas Life Reflected in his Work, The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka is considered one of the few great, poetic works of the twentieth century. Addressing The Metamorphosis, Elias Canetti, a Nobel Prize-winning author, has commented, In The Metamorphosis Kafka has reached the height of his mastery: he has written something which he could never surpass, because there is nothing which The Metamorphosis could be surpassed by - one of the few great, perfect poeticRead MoreThe Existentialist Philosophy Of Kafka s The Metamorphosis1364 Words   |  6 Pagesexistentialist philosophy of Kafka is presented in the metamorphosis is a picture of isolation and despair, something which prevailed in Kafka’s life. The diary of Kafka which was later found also showed Kafka’s intense imagination about his existence and extinction. It became apparent that at the heart of metamorphosis lies deep rooted feelings of Kafka himself. (Kafka.org ). The Metamorphosis a novel written by Franz Kafka is about a man, Gregor Samsa, who wakes up to find himself turned into a giantRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis 3979 Words   |  16 PagesAustin Day Professor Imali Abala English 357 18 February 2015 The Theme of Alienation in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka in 1915 is said to be one of the greatest literary works of all time and is seen as one of Kafka’s best and most popular works of literature. A relatively short novel; the story explains how the protagonist, Gregor Samsa wakes up one morning to find himself transformed into a vermin which completely estranges him from the world even moreRead MoreThe Ideologies Of His Works Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily. The main character, Gregor, suffers from his family’s oppression and refuses to address his father s aggression. Kafka connects his responses towards his father through the killing of Gregor. Kafka never had the confidence and bravery to stand up to his father, and ultimately led Kafka to not think for himself and become internally dead. Gregor continues to become passive and weak as the father continued to rule his existence and decisions. The Metamorphosis depicts Kafka’s response on page

Case Study Separation Anxiety Disorder - 3579 Words

Diagnosis and Treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder CASE STUDY 6 CLIENT DETAILS Diagnosis: Separation Anxiety Disorder. Age: 6 years. Client Gender: Male. Initial Consultation: 20th May 2011. Number of Sessions: 12 sessions. Place of Treatment: The agency. Treatment Approach: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Treatment Mode: Weekly one hour sessions. Referral Information The client’s mother referred her son to the agency because he was suffering from anxiety. He was resisting going to go to school and becoming distressed when his parents tried to leave him at home. Presenting Problem The client attended his first assessment session with his mother. He was of average size and weight for his age and was†¦show more content†¦The parents reported that their child’s pre and post natal development was normal without illness or injury. However, as an infant/toddler, he had been difficult to soothe when upset and demanded constant attention which his parents found difficult to manage. Twelve months before attending the agency the client began to demonstrate increasing levels of anxiety. This anxiety commenced with significant difficulties being separated from his mother or father at home, to go to school, stay with family and play with friends. The parents said the client’s behaviours included clinging on to them and chasing after them as they were leaving the house or school. He would also check their location in the house to confirm that they were still there. On occasion his behaviour deteriorated into tantrums, although this only happened at home. The parents also expressed concern that the boy’s teacher noticed he was refusing to eat at school. The parents also reported their child was unable to get to sleep without their presence. He would awaken with nightmares at least three times a week saying he was frightened something bad was happening to them. The parents stated that it was becoming increasingly difficult for them to manage thei r son’s behaviour. The client’s parents reported that there was no known family history of anxiety and depression on either side of their family.Show MoreRelatedChildhood Separation Anxiety Disorder Among Adults With Adult Anxiety Disorders1121 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Childhood Separation Anxiety Disorder in Patients With Adult Anxiety Disorders† focuses on the prevalence of childhood separation anxiety disorder (CSA) in adults with one or more anxiety disorder, and whether or not there is a correlation between them. The authors clearly included their hypothesis, which states they presume there to be higher rates of childhood separation anxiety disorder among patients with various adult anxiety disorders than in adults with only one adult anxiety disorder. In additionRead MoreLong Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety1230 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Separation Anxiety Abstract This report delves into the connection between childhood separation anxiety disorder and the long-term implications that it may have. To understand the connections I preformed secondary research through â€Å"Academic Search Complete†. I found that childhood separation anxiety disorder is connected with serious mental disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, social phobias, depression, and behavior disorders. Many studies have shown that childhood separation anxietyRead MoreSeparation Anxiety Disorders And Children Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pages Separation Anxiety Disorders in Parents and Children Christa Conrad Antelope Valley College Introduction to Psychology - PSY101 Professor Laurel Johnson Monday, November 14, 2016 Abstract The differences between Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and the similar disorder, Attachment Anxiety Disorder, were examined to show that the disorders are alike. The causes of Separation Anxiety Disorder and the symptoms in which a child could be diagnosed were discussed. Following that, theRead MoreAdult Separation Anxiety : A Psychological Condition1513 Words   |  7 Pages Adult Separation Anxiety: A Possible Link to a Missed Step in Development DeAndre Bright Evan Smith-Finney Amber Depew Brandon Eastwood CCBC Catonsville Psychology 103 April 3, 2015 Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder Separation anxiety disorder is â€Å"a psychological condition in which an individual has excessive anxiety regarding separation from places or people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment† (anxietypanichealth.com 2008). Individuals with this disorder typicallyRead MoreSeparation Anxiety And Its Effects On Children1560 Words   |  7 Pagesexample of separation anxiety, a developmental phase that most children go through during their early years. Separation anxiety is most likely to occur in child with a family history of anxiety/depression, child who are shy, children who have a lack of appropriate parental interaction, and overprotective parents. Separation anxiety is one of the most common anxiety disorders in children affecting one out of twenty. It is a developmental stage during which the child experiences anxiety when separatedRead MoreFactors Affecting The Development Of Anxiety Disorders1597 Words   |  7 Pagesdo familial factors contribute to the development of anxiety disorders?’ 1.0 Introduction Anxiety disorders are forms of psychiatric illnesses that result from consistent and excessive anxiety, marked by an individual’s emotional and/or physical anguish. Familial factors can heavily contribute to the development of an individual’s anxiety disorder/s, when their genealogy possess a history of traumatic experiences such as childhood abuse. Studies of behavioural epigenetics have shown that when ancestorsRead MoreMovie Review : What About Bob 1504 Words   |  7 PagesNick Freeman PSYC 281 Writing Assignment: Film Review What About Bob? â€Å"What About Bob?† focuses on Bob Wiley, a severely distressed man with a number of easily identifiable symptoms. Wiley’s primary issues are related to anxiety; he has a number of phobias, including agoraphobia and a strong fear of disease and germs. His fear of germs and disease is so strong that he has difficulty touching things; he often uses a cloth to touch objects to avoid skin-to-object contact. Wiley is generally waryRead MoreWhere Does Bad Behavior Do Children Come From?1515 Words   |  7 PagesIn most cases this is true, but sometimes there is an underlying root to this behavior. In order to handle an outraged child, one must consider why he/she is like this. Three of the reasons why a child could be acting out are separation anxiety, the size of the child’s family and birth order, and disorders. Separation anxiety is defined as the troubled reaction of a child when the parent is absent. This anxiety materializes during the second half year in infants. Separation anxiety usually becomesRead MoreAdolescents And Adolescent Multiethnic Populations : Challenges And Opportunities For Enhancing Knowledge And Practice1148 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety in Children Cooley, M. R., Boyce, C. A. (2004). An introduction to assessing anxiety in child and adolescent multiethnic populations: Challenges and opportunities for enhancing knowledge and practice. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 33(2), 210-215. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_1 This article is an introduction to the larger project titled â€Å"Assessing Anxiety in Child and Adolescent Multiethnic Populations†. Cooley and Boyce (2004) present an overview of anxiety symptomsRead MoreThe Case Study of Amanda Anderson Essays2061 Words   |  9 Pagesprimary diagnosis for Amanda Anderson is separation anxiety disorder (SAD) with a co-morbidity of school phobia. Separation anxiety disorder is commonly the precursor to school phobia, which is â€Å"one of the two most common anxiety disorders to occur during childhood, and is found in about 4% to 10% of all children† (Mash Wolfe, 2010, p. 198). Amanda is a seven-year-old girl and her anxiety significantly affects her social life. Based on the case study, Amanda’s father informs the therapist that

Duport Analysis the Number Game Free Essays

DuPont Analysis: Playing The Numbers Game! The summary of this case is that a newly joined CFO of a company, Plastichem Inc. , was able to turn the company’s unfortunate situation around when he first arrived. Yet, five years later, Plastichem has gone through some difficult times including their stock price/ratings severely dropping with no understanding as to why. We will write a custom essay sample on Duport Analysis: the Number Game or any similar topic only for you Order Now The case ends with the CFO attempting to figure out what went wrong with the numbers he was given. To determine the liquidity, we used the quick ratio, current ratio, and interest coverage ratio. From these equations, the higher the ratios meant the better of the company’s financial condition, or more liquidity. The acceptable ratios vary from different industries. In general, company’s quick ratio should be 1 or higher, and its current ratio should be above 1. 5 to be considered liquid. In the comparison between two companies’ ratios, DCM Molding has shown a better financial condition on average in the past four years, and Plastichem has barely met the acceptable average or is below the average in the past four years. Quick Ratio = (Cash and marketable securities + A/R + Other Current Asset)/ Current Liabilities | Year| 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Plastichem| 0. 86| 1. 141| 1. 039| 0. 826| DCM Molding| 0. 99| 0. 93| 1. 114| 1. 568| | Year| | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Plastichem| 1. 301| 1. 523| 1. 462| 1. 309| DCM Molding| 1. 632| 1. 518| 1. 826| 2. 095| | Year| | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Plastichem| 0. 763| 1. 9113| 1. 962| 2. 442| DCM Molding| 4. 667| 1. 217| 4. 217| 8. 6| To measure the leverage, we calculated the debt-equity ratio. Plastichem had a relatively high Debt-Equity Ratio, which indicated that Plastichem was using many debts to finance its growth. High Debt-Equity Ratio also indicated that Plastichem bore more risk because the cost of debt (interest). The company would make more profit if the incremental profit exceeds the incremental cost of debt; however, the company may lose more money/ make less money if the incremental profit is less than the incremental cost of debt. | Year| | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Plastichem| -19. 331| 5. 076| 4. 862| 1. 355| DCM Molding| 1. 192| 1. 477| 1. 274| 0. 714| To determine the profitability, we calculate the Profit Margin, ROE, and ROA. By looking at the ratios, Plastichem’s profit has dropped in the past four years. The high leverage may have enlarged the loss of the company. On the other hand, DCM Molding has shown a steady income/profit over the years. | Year| | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Plastichem| -24. 14%| 0. 68%| 3. 45%| 5. 65%| DCM Molding| 5. 91%| 6. 19%| 5. 37%| 5. 09%| | Year| | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Plastichem| ? | 3. 53%| 6. 38%| 17. 30%| DCM Molding| 17. 76%| 18. 64%| 17. 44%| 10. 95%| | Year| | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Plastichem| -26. 90%| 0. 58%| 1. 09%| 7. 34%| DCM Molding| 8. 10%| 7. 53%| 7. 66%| 6. 39%| A common size balance sheet is a different type of balance sheet that hows each dollar amount in a form of percentage of a common number from the actual balance sheet. Common size balance sheet is useful in comparing companies that have a different scale of operations. This type of balance sheet helps in observing at the firms as a common sized and it also helps in comparing the changes in various segments over a period of time. PLASTICHEM INCORPORATED| | | | | Annual Income Sta tements (Value in Millions)| | | | | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Sales| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| Cost of Sales| 74. 81%| 62. 76%| 63. 39%| 65. 04%| Gross Operating profit| 25. 19%| 37. 24%| 36. 61%| 34. 6%| Selling, General Admin. Expenses| 13. 27%| 18. 54%| 18. 66%| 20. 73%| EBITDA| 11. 92%| 18. 71%| 17. 95%| 14. 23%| Depreciation Amortization| 6. 16%| 5. 51%| 5. 82%| 4. 41%| EBIT| 5. 76%| 13. 20%| 12. 12%| 9. 82%| Other Income, Net| -0. 17%| 0. 20%| 0. 12%| 0. 08%| Total Income Avail for Interest Exp. | 5. 59%| 13. 40%| 12. 24%| 9. 90%| Interest Expense| 7. 54%| 6. 90%| 6. 18%| 4. 02%| Minority Interest| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Pre-Tax Income| -1. 95%| 6. 50%| 6. 06%| 5. 88%| Income Taxes| 0. 03%| 0. 71%| 2. 61%| 0. 23%| Special Income/Charges| -22. 15%| -5. 10%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Net Income from Cont. Operations| -24. 14%| 0. 68%| 3. 45%| 5. 65%| Net Income from Discont. Opers. | 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Net Income from Total Operations| -24. 14%| 0. 68%| 3. 45%| 5. 65%| Normalized Income| -1. 99%| 5. 78%| 3. 49%| 5. 65%| Extraordinary Income| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Income from Cum. Eff. of Acct. Chg. | 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Income from Tax Loss Carryforward| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Other Gains| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| -2. 02%| 0. 00%| Total Net Income| -24. 14%| 0. 68%| 1. 43%| 5. 65%| PLASTICHEM INCORPORATED| | | | | Annual Balance Sheets (Values in millions)| | | | | | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| ASSETS | | | | | Current Assets| | | | | Cash and marketable securities| 1. 20%| 1. 40%| 1. 47%| 0. 60%| Accounts receivable| 17. 34%| 17. 33%| 14. 74%| 21. 03%| Inventory| 10. 31%| 7. 01%| 7. 44%| 12. 88%| Other Current assets| 1. 54%| 2. 21%| 2. 03%| 0. 40%| Total Current Assets| 30. 40%| 27. 94%| 25. 68%| 34. 91%| | | | | | Non-Current Assets| | | | | Property, Plant Equipment, Gross| 35. 44%| 28. 70%| 25. 85%| 47. 99%| Accumulated depreciation Depletion| 14. 41%| 9. 13%| 8. 15%| 19. 42%| Property, Plant Equipment, Net| 21. 03%| 19. 57%| 17. 71%| 28. 57%| Intangibles| 45. 67%| 50. 07%| 53. 53%| 33. 0%| Other Non-Current Assets| 2. 90%| 2. 41%| 3. 09%| 3. 52%| Total Non-Current Assets| 69. 60%| 72. 06%| 74. 32%| 65. 09%| Total Assets| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| | | | | | LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES| | | | | Current Liabilities| | | | | Accounts payable| 7. 71%| 6. 92%| 6. 03%| 9. 76%| Short Term Debt| 2. 48%| 1. 63%| 1. 03%| 3. 92%| Other current Liabilities| 13. 17%| 9. 80%| 10. 50%| 12. 98%| Total Current liabilities| 23. 36%| 18. 35%| 17. 56%| 26. 66%| | | | | | Non-Current liabilities| | | | | Long-term debt| 80. 96%| 64. 35%| 65. 38%| 30. 89%| Deferred Income Taxes| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 0%| Other Non-Current Liabilities| 1. 13%| 0. 84%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Minority Interest| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Total Non-Current Liabilities| 82. 09%| 65. 19%| 65. 38%| 30. 89%| Total Liabilities| 105. 46%| 83. 54%| 82. 94%| 57. 55%| | | | | | Shareholder’s Equity| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Preferred Stock Equity| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Common Stock Equity| -5. 46%| 16. 46%| 17. 06%| 42. 45%| Total equity| -5. 46%| 16. 46%| 17. 06%| 42. 45%| | | | | | Total liabilities and Stock Equity| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 340| 100. 00%| DCM MOLDING| | | | | Annual Balance Sheets (Values in millions)| | | | | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| ASSETS | | | | | Current Assets| | | | | Cash and marketable securities| 0. 33%| 1. 25%| 0. 47%| 8. 06%| Accou nts receivable| 19. 87%| 18. 36%| 20. 31%| 19. 44%| Inventory| 14. 32%| 13. 34%| 14. 69%| 10. 83%| Other Current assets| 1. 89%| 1. 48%| 2. 19%| 4. 72%| Total Current Assets| 36. 40%| 34. 44%| 37. 66%| 43. 06%| | | | | | Non-Current Assets| | | | | Property, Plant ; Equipment, Gross| 47. 28%| 42. 08%| 43. 44%| 56. 39%| Accumulated depreciation ; Depletion| 17. 20%| 12. 66%| 11. 09%| 10. 83%| Property, Plant ; Equipment, Net| 30. 08%| 29. 42%| 32. 34%| 45. 56%| Intangibles| 33. 0%| 35. 46%| 28. 44%| 5. 28%| Other Non-Current Assets| 0. 22%| 0. 68%| 1. 56%| 6. 11%| Total Non-Current Assets| 63. 60%| 65. 56%| 62. 34%| 56. 94%| Total Assets| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| | | | | | LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES| | | | | Current Liabilities| | | | | Accounts payable| 7. 66%| 8. 10%| 8. 28%| 5. 56%| Short Term Debt| 7. 44%| 6. 61%| 4. 22%| 7. 50%| Other current Liabilities| 7. 21%| 8. 10%| 8. 28%| 7. 50%| Total Current liabilities| 22. 31%| 22. 69%| 20. 63%| 20. 56%| | | | | | Non-Cur rent liabilities| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Long-term debt| 28. 63%| 31. 93%| 29. 22%| 15. 00%| Deffered Income Taxes| 0. 11%| 0. 57%| 0. 00%| 3. 89%| Other Non-Current Liabilities| 3. 33%| 4. 45%| 6. 09%| 2. 22%| Minority Interest| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Total Non-Current Liabilities| 32. 08%| 36. 94%| 35. 31%| 21. 11%| Total Liabilities| 54. 38%| 59. 64%| 55. 94%| 41. 67%| | | | | | Shareholder’s Equity| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Preferred Stock Equity| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Common Stock Equity| 45. 62%| 40. 36%| 43. 91%| 58. 33%| Total equity| 45. 62%| 40. 36%| 43. 91%| 58. 33%| | | | | | Total liabilities and Stock Equity| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| DCM MOLDING| | | | | Annual Income Statements (Value in Millions)| | | | | 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| Sales| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| 100. 00%| Cost of Sales| 66. 83%| 64. 85%| 64. 76%| 62. 96%| Gross Operating profit| 33. 17%| 35. 15%| 35. 24%| 37. 04%| Selling, General Admin. Expenses| 17. 23%| 18. 65%| 19. 60%| 22. 22%| EBITDA| 15. 94%| 16. 49%| 15. 64%| 14. 81%| Depreciation Amortization| 4. 61%| 4. 40%| 4. 32%| 4. 86%| EBIT| 11. 33%| 12. 09%| 11. 32%| 9. 95%| Other Income, Net| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| -0. 12%| -0. 23%| Total Income Avail for Interest Exp. | 11. 33%| 12. 09%| 11. 20%| 9. 72%| Interest Expense| 2. 43%| 2. 16%| 2. 0%| 1. 16%| Minority Interest| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Pre-Tax Income| 8. 90%| 9. 93%| 9. 10%| 8. 56%| Income Taxes| 2. 99%| 3. 75%| 3. 73%| 3. 47%| Special Income/Charges| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Net Income from Cont. Operations| 5. 91%| 6. 19%| 5. 37%| 5. 09%| Net Income from Discont. Opers. | 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 35%| 0. 00%| Net Income from Total Operations| 5. 91%| 6. 19%| 5. 72%| 5. 09%| Normalized Income| 5. 91%| 6. 19%| 5. 37%| 5. 09%| Extraordinary Income| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Income from Cum. Eff of Acct. Chg. | 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Income from Tax Loss Carryforward| 0. 0%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Other Gains| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Total Net Income| 5. 91%| 6. 19%| 5. 72%| 5. 09%| We can see that the cost of the sales has been increasing for both the companies. But, the cost of goods sold for DCM is less that than of Plastichem. This indicates that DCM has been better at controlling their cost so they have a higher gross margin as compare to Plastichem. This reduction in the gross profit has lead to the reduction on the expenses occur due to selling the goods, but since DCM has a higher gross profit than Plastichem, they can also spend more in selling their goods. Plastichem also has more debt compare to DCM, due to which they have a higher interest expenses compare to DCM. A DuPont analysis helps us better understand the changes in return on equity (ROE). DuPont analysis tells us that three things affect ROE: operating efficiency, asset use efficiency, and financial leverage. Therefore we break up ROE into its components: ROE = Profit Margin (PM) * Total Asset Turnover (TAT) * Equity Multiplier (EM) | 2004| Return on Equity| Net Profit Margin| Total Asset Turnover| Equity Multiplier| | | | | | | Plastichem| 0. 00%| -24. 07%| 1. 12| 0. 00| DCM| | 17. 76%| 5. 91%| 1. 37| 2. 19| | 2003| | | | | | | | | | | Plastichem| 3. 53%| 0. 68%| 0. 85| 6. 08| DCM| | 18. 64%| 6. 19%| 1. 22| 2. 48| | 2002| | | | | | | | | | | Plastichem| 6. 38%| 1. 47%| 0. 74| 5. 86| DCM| | 17. 44%| 5. 72%| 1. 34| 2. 28| | 2001| | | | | | | | | | | Plastichem| 17. 30%| 5. 65%| 1. 30| 2. 36| DCM| | 10. 95%| 5. 32%| 1. 20| 1. 71| If we look at the figures we find that the reduction in ROE for Plastichem is mainly due to the drop in net profit margin. Plastichem increased their use of debt, which resulted in a higher EM, but poor PM ensured the fall of ROE. For DCM, on the other hand, we see that it has been fairly constant as well as ROE components. Some of the limitations regarding the various financial analyses above are: Many companies near the year or quarter end improve the appearance of their figures presenting them in the most attractive way possible. The miss misrepresentation of numbers makes the analysis more difficult. The analysis may also be unclear by inflation as general price levels for goods and services go up and subsequently purchasing power goes down, which makes comparison difficult over time. Many firms also use different accounting methods which make comparing of different companies difficult for instance there are two primary accounting methods used in USA, cash and accrual accounting. Cash accounting reports income and expenses are reported in the year they are received and paid; accrual accounting reports income and expenses in the year they are earned and incurred. Again making it very difficult to analyze different companies. Some additional data Jay and Jack need in order to improve their finding would be to look into the companies accounting practices and see if any off balance sheet items are present. From there they need to make sure the off balance sheet items are converted to in the balance sheet items to have an appropriate comparison. A statement of cash flows would also useful in analysis, as it would allow in determining the short-term viability of a company, particularly its ability to pay bills. A statement of cash of cash flows also allows us to view cash and cash equivalents coming in and out of company, giving better understanding as to where money is going and coming from. Also although looking at numbers may allow analysis to quickly spot differences in financials, I believe you must research companies in how they are run and if they are consistently making good business decisions. After collecting, compiling, and analyzing data we have come to conclusion that DCM Molding has shown a better financial condition on average in the past four years, and Plastichem has barely met the acceptable average or is below the average in the past four years. The Plastichem had a relatively high Debt-Equity Ratio, which indicated that was using many debts to finance its growth. The high Debt-Equity Ratio also indicated that Plastichem bore more risk because the cost of debt (interest) making things difficult. The cost of the sales for both the companies have increased. But, the cost of goods sold for DCM is less that than Plastichem. This indicates that DCM has been better at controlling their cost so they have a higher gross margin as compare to Plastichem. This reduction in the gross profit has lead to the reduction on the expenses occur due to selling the goods, but since DCM has a higher gross profit than Plastichem they can also spend more in selling their goods. So in comparison we see that DCM Molding is doing far better with its figures showing much better results than Plastichem. Recommendation that Jack would be justified in making in his report to Andrew would be Plastichem needs to increase profit margin after looking at the figures we find that the decrease in return on equity for Plastichem is mostly due to the drop in net profit margin. Plastichem increased their use of debt that resulted in a higher equity multiplier, but poor profit margin ensured the fall of return on equity. Plastichem had a relatively high Debt-Equity Ratio, which indicated that Plastichem was using many debts to finance its growth. It should be treated as a serious problem being that Plastichem’s main rival is rated as a strong buy while their stock is rated as a hold. The strong drop in price will create fear for potential and current shareholders. If that fear continues, Plastichem’s shareholders might sell their stock at a decreasing rate, causing more issues for the company. The CFO should do a comparison between Plastichem and DCM’s numbers, and find the strengths and weaknesses amongst his company, in particular within its management teams. He should also begin finding ways to pay off Plastichem’s debt as well as not accumulating anymore, being that Plastichem is already seen as risky. The CFO should also find a tighter way to control the company’s costs. The analysts are very accurate in their recommendations to the two firms. DCM Molding figures showed far better results and stock should rise; While Plastichem might consider selling stocks, if financial performance continues to worsen. How to cite Duport Analysis: the Number Game, Essay examples

Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Ministers Black Veil Essays -

Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Ministers Black Veil In Nathaniel Hawthorne's ?The Minister's Black Veil?, the author chooses to mask the character of the minister with the black veil to construct an allegory that would compare sin concocted by imagination with unrecognized sin of one's self. With the story being set in the Puritan time period of the settlement of New England, as nearly all of Hawthorne's stories are, the reader can logically infer a certain set of value judgements. For instance, these people, being very sincere about their religion, are likely to see anything out of the ordinary, such as a black-veiled minister, as a serious issue that undermines their faith. On the surface the first sight of the veil not only confuses the congregation, but scares them as well. This man is supposed to be their most direct mode of communication with God, and to see him in what they perceive to be quite a bizarre condition, must make them feel that their religious lives may be in danger. Yet another character trait held by this community is its inability to cope with even the slightest bit of change. Something as trivial as a man covering his face with black crape paper literally whips this community into a frenzy. ?I don't like it?(p.102), cried the old woman, ?Our parson has gone mad?(102), cried Goodman Gary. Without even the slightest bit of investigation into the issue these people have brewed in their imaginations all sorts of theories as to what is so wrong with the minister. A third, and possibly most dangerous trait of the community, is its almost joyous inclination toward superstition. Whether you would like to call it Puritan myth or strait fact, this obsession with witchcraft and the supernatural is what made Puritan New England a dangerous place to live in the 17th century. This idea of the occult always seems to find its way into a Hawthorne story, and The Minister's Black Veil is no exception. Even the good doctor cannot help but mention, ?the black veil, though it covers only our pastor's face, throws its influence over his whole person, and makes him ghostlike from head to foot.?(p.105). The true allegory arises from these beliefs of the community, but does not wholly manifest it self until seen from the minister's point of view. Though he may contend that the veil personifies ?sorrows dark enough to be typified by a black veil.?(p.109), it is possible to infer that the veil is actually somewhat of an experiment by the minister. On the surface he may explain its meaning by some undefinable scruples he may hold, but underneath it represents a test of the community. By donning the black veil the minister realizes his fear that the people of his community are more obsessed with a sin they are sure the minister is hiding from, then their own sins that they live in everyday. Even his fellow man of the cloth Reverend Clark believes the minister must have some ?horrible crime upon his soul?(p.113). Not a single person realizes the intent of the minister until his deathbed utterance that defiles the virtue of the community. Proof positive of this realization of their fault i s the fact that while the minister was alive these people couldn't wait to remove the black veil, but once he is dead, unable to stop them from unmasking him, the veil follows him to his grave. Perhaps it is reverence toward the painful truth revealed by the minister that keeps the veil on his face, but more likely it is simply left on in the rush to bury the man who brought to light such a less than virtuous shortcoming. Like so many of Hawthorne's stories, the Minister's Black Veil personifies the fallible nature of a people so dedicated to living a life free of sin, when in fact they are simply ignoring the vices that rest under their own pillows. Bibliography none English Essays

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Most Anticipated Releases of2013

Top Ten Most Anticipated Releases of2013 Though Im still reeling to catch up on the great new releases of 2012, and though I already have a set list of books to tackle as my New Years resolution, Im already salivating over the following sneak previews that come courtesy of The Millions. Apparently the first stage of overcoming literature fatigue is admitting that you will never catch up to all the amazing books out there. Maybe Ill get around to these promising reads in 2016 or so. Til then, well hello Booker Prize winner of 2010 What new releases are you looking forward to this year? Umbrella  by  Will Self: Shortly before  Umbrella  came out in the UK last September, Will Self published  an essay in  The Guardian  about how he’d gone modernist. â€Å"As I’ve grown older, and realised that there aren’t that many books left for me to write, so I’ve become determined that they should be the fictive equivalent of ripping the damn corset off altogether and chucking it on the fire.†Ã‚  Umbrella  is the result of Self’s surge in ambition, and it won him some of the best reviews of his career, as well as his first  Booker shortlisting. He lost out to Hilary Mantel in the end, but he won the moral victory in the group photo round  by doing this. Scenes from Early Life  by  Philip Hensher: In his eighth novel,  Scenes from Early Life, Philip Hensher â€Å"shows for the first time what [he] has largely concealed in the past: his heart,† writes  Amanda Craig  in  The Independent.   Written in the form of a memoir, narrated in the voice of Hensher’s real-life husband  Zaved Mahmood, the novel invites comparison with  Gertrude Stein’sThe Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas.   Described as a hybrid of fiction, history, and biography- and as both â€Å"clever† and â€Å"loving†- the inventive project here is distinctly intriguing. My Brother’s Book  by  Maurice Sendak: When Maurice Sendak died last May he left one, final, unpublished book behind.   It is, according to a  starred review  in  Publisher’s Weekly, a beautiful, intensely serious elegy for Sendak’s beloved older brother Jack, who died in 1995.   The story, illustrated in watercolors, has Guy (a stand-in for Sendak), journeying down the gullet of a massive polar bear named Death- â€Å"Diving through time so vast- sweeping past paradise†- into an underworld where he and Jack have one last reunion. â€Å"To read this intensely private work,† writes  Publisher’s Weekly, â€Å"is to look over the artist’s shoulder as he crafts his own afterworld, a place where he lies in silent  embrace with those he loves forever.† See Now Then  by  Jamaica Kincaid: For  See Now Then, her first novel in a decade, Jamaica Kincaid settles into a small town in Vermont, where she dissects the past, present and future of the crumbling marriage of Mrs. Sweet, mother of two children named Heracles and Persephone, a woman whose composer husband leaves her for a younger musician.   Kincaid is known as a writer who can see clean through the surface of things – and people – and this novel assures us that â€Å"Mrs. Sweet could see Mrs. Sweet very well.† Give Me Everything You Have: On Being Stalked  by  James Lasdun: English poet, novelist and short story writer James Lasdun’s new book is a short memoir about a long and harrowing experience at the hands of a former student who set out to destroy him and through online accusations of sexual harassment and theft.  J.M. Coetzee  has called it â€Å"a reminder, as if any were needed, of how easily, since the arrival of the Internet, our peace can be troubled and our good name besmirched.† All That Is  by  James Salter: Upon return from service as a naval officer in Okinawa, Philip Bowman becomes a book editor during the â€Å"golden age† of publishing.   The publisher’s blurb promises â€Å"Salter’s signature economy of prose† and a story about the â€Å"dazzling, sometimes devastating labyrinth of love and ambition.† In  our interview  with Salter in September, he told us it was â€Å"an intimate story about a life in New York publishing,† some 10 years in the making.   From  John Irving: â€Å"A beautiful novel, with sufficient love, heartbreak, vengeance, identity confusion, longing, and euphoria of language to have satisfied Shakespeare.†Ã‚  Tim O’Brien: â€Å"Salter’s vivid, lucid prose does exquisite justice to his subject- the relentless struggle to make good on our own humanity.† April will not come soon enough. You Are One of Them  by  Elliott Holt:  You Are One of Them  is Pushcart Prize-winner Elliott Holt’s debut novel. You might be forgiven for thinking she’d already published a few books, as Holt has been  a fixture  of the literary Twittersphere for years. Holt’s debut is a literary suspense novel spanning years, as a young woman, raised in politically charged Washington D.C. of the 1980s, goes to Moscow to investigate the decades-old death of her childhood friend. A Guide to Being Born  by  Ramona Ausubel:  A short story collection that includes the author’s  New Yorker  debut, â€Å"Atria†. If that piece is any indication, the book is more than a bit fabulist – the plot involves a girl who finds herself pregnant and worries she’ll give birth to an animal. The specter of parenthood, as the title suggests, appears in numerous guises, as does the reinvention that marked the protagonists of her novel (the genesis of which she wrote about  in our own pages). His Wife Leaves Him  by  Stephen Dixon: Stephen Dixon, a writer known for rendering unbearable experiences, has built his 15th novel around a premise that is almost unbearably simple: A man named Martin is thinking about the loss of his wife, Gwen.   Dixon’s long and fruitful career includes more than 500 shorts stories, three O. Henry Prizes, two Pushcart Prizes and a pair of nominations for the National Book Award.  Ã‚  His Wife Leaves Him, according to its author, â€Å"is about a bunch of nouns: love, guilt, sickness, death, remorse, loss, family, matrimony, sex, children, parenting, aging, mistakes, incidents, minutiae, birth, music, jobs, affairs, memory, remembering, reminiscence, forgetting, repression, dreams, reverie, nightmares, meeting, dating, conceiving, imagining, delaying, loving.† Love, Dishonor, Marry, Die, Cherish, Perish  by  David Rakoff: Rakoff passed away last summer at the age of 47, shortly after completing this slender novel â€Å"written entirely in verse.† His previous books have been largely satirical, so this final work is a departure: stretching across the country and the twentieth century, the novel’s stories are linked by â€Å"acts of generosity or cruelty.†Ã‚  Ira Glass, who brought Rakoff to the airwaves for more than a decade, has described the book as â€Å"very funny and very sad, which is my favorite combination† (a fair descriptor of much of Rakoff’s radio work, likethis heartbreaking performance  from the live episode of â€Å"This American Life† staged just a few months before his death.) Blast, this Top Ten only made it halfway through the year! Theres just too much brewing to be able to discern what will be the true standouts. For the full list, arranged by release date, head over to The Millions  immediately.

The Humble Foot

The Humble Foot The Humble Foot The Humble Foot By Maeve Maddox For obvious reasons, the word for foot is one of the oldest in the language: O.E. fot, from P.Gmc. *fot (cf. O.N. fotr, Du. voet, Ger. Fuß, Goth. fotus foot), from PIE *pod-/*ped- (cf. Avestan pad-; Skt. pat, acc. padam foot; Gk. pos, Attic pous, gen. podos; L. pes, gen. pedis foot; Lith. padas sole, peda footstep). Like other body parts, foot has found its way into numerous idiomatic expressions. Here are just a few. foot the bill to pay for something, usually for something one would rather not pay for oneself: Ill go to the convention if the company will foot the bill. put your foot in your mouth to say something one regrets immediately (or should!): You put your foot in your mouth with that remark about her hat. have one foot in the grave about to die: When you had the flu, you looked as if you had one foot in the grave. to have itchy feet to have a frequent desire to travel: Hes not a good marriage prospect; he has itchy feet. to get cold feet to feel sudden misgivings about doing something one had planned to do: Its the morning of the wedding and the bride has cold feet. to get off on the wrong footto begin an enterprise by doing something inappropriate: Susie got off on the wrong foot with her old-fashioned boss when she told him she didnt make coffee. to get off on the right foot to start out doing everything right: The new fireman got off on the right foot when he saved that baby. to put ones best foot forward to present oneself at ones best: She bought a new dress and had her hair done because she wanted to put her best foot forward for the job interview. to land on your feet to come through a difficult situation without harm: Dont worry about Jack in this storm. He always lands on his feet. to drag your feet to be reluctant: Stop dragging your feet and mow the grass! to have your feet on the ground to have a practical outlook: His decision to put off the move until hes sure he has the job shows he has his feet on the ground. not to put a foot wrong to do everything according to rule and expectation: Mr. Perfect there never puts a foot wrong with the boss. to have feet that hardly touch the ground to move quickly: On the day of the church picnic, her feet hardly touched the ground. to put ones feet up to relax: Now that youve finished the project, you can put your feet up for awhile. to put ones foot down to take a firm stand: When little Jimmy kicked the dog, his father finally put his foot down. My foot! expression of disbelief: Abner Potts made a perfect score on the SAT? My foot! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?How to Punctuate Descriptions of Colors"To Tide You Over"

The artistic value of Red Harvest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The artistic value of Red Harvest - Essay Example This paper aims to evaluate the artistic value attached to the novel â€Å"Red Harvest†. In literature, the artistic value lies in the language used to express the story in the form of diction and syntax, and in the form of the setting or the mood that is created by the writer through the setting and the characters. It is necessary, however, that the language and the mood are in accordance with the genre and the story or message of the novel or other such work of literature, otherwise the aesthetic value might seem misplaced or even absent. This realization is important when considering a novel like the â€Å"Red Harvest† by Dashiell Hammett. The pertinent novel is of the detective genre, written at a time when the critics had begun to despair over the prevalent techniques used to write such novels (Malmgren). They had established that the novels written then were not doing justice to the detective genre as they were not set in a realistic world with a realistic plot (M almgren). Red Harvest, however, changed the minds of the critics, and is termed as one of the best novels written in the English language (Malmgren). Indeed, it laid the foundations for the stereotypical characters, plot, and setting that one encounters in the novels of this genre today (Marling). The highly professional, emotionally detached, self-righteous detective (Malmgren) stems from the character of the Continental Operative in Red Harvest; a world ruled by thugs and gangsters and infected with vice is reminiscent of the world created by Hammett in this novel (Marling). To do justice to such a story, it is imperative that the treatment of the novel should be bare, minimalist, cold, and crude; otherwise, the writer would fail to hit the point across to the readers, and the treatment and story would not be in synch. It has already been established in this paper that the aesthetic sense or the artistic value of a work of literature should be viewed in the context of the story, a nd not separately and removed from the context. To this end, it can be determined that Red Harvest is highly artistic in its treatment to the subject matter, as it does complete justice to the setting and the mood of the novel, and creates an atmosphere that is at once awe-inspiring and abhorrent in its nature. It is easy to comprehend why the treatment could be abhorrent; it lacks all forms of humanity, morals, and ethics, and is utterly hopeless and despairing (Malmgren). The characters are vile and treacherous, and the plot is highly gruesome and brutal. There is rampant and mad bloodletting (Malmgren), reaching absurdity, and at times it becomes difficult to see how such an environment could be linked to the real world. However, this same trait of the novel is awe-inspiring. The writer has successfully managed to use his language skills to create such an ambience, and to evoke feelings of morbidity, alarm, and suspense in the readers. Without such a treatment, the novel would ha ve seemed ridiculous. And this precisely, is the artistic value of the novel. Artistic value is not necessarily always appealing, sweet, and homey, as is art. And it is not imperative for it to be so, either. However, what is imperative is that it should be in accordance with the nature and the meaning of the piece of art, otherwise, it would counter the intended perception. At times, this synchronization between the work of art and the aesthetic sen

The CEO of WRSX Has Asked You to Write a Short Educational Piece That Essay

The CEO of WRSX Has Asked You to Write a Short Educational Piece That Will Be Given to the Board Of Directors - Essay Example They operate in United States, Europe as well as in Asia pacific. In a survey conducted on the marketing communications and advertising industry the score of the company was below average. Though the customer retention and attraction capability of the company is pretty good, but in other areas of business the performance of the company is not attractive for the investors. This report is an attempt to analyze the reasons of underperforming of the shares of WRSX group and recommend about the changes that may be undertaken by the company management to gain more market shares. The researcher will conduct internal analysis of the company and describe the benefits of internal analysis to the board of directors of the company. Internal Analysis For conducting the internal analysis of the company the researcher will use the SWOT analysis tool and the resource based view analysis (Snell and Bohlander, 2012, pp.53-54). Resource Based View The resource based view analysis of a company is conduc ted to analyze the resources available to the company which can be profitable when it is used strategically. For analyzing this, VRIN framework has been made by the researchers. This framework identifies the valuable, rare, in-imitable and non substitutable resources of the company (helfat, 2007, p.45). For the resource based view analysis the VRIO framework is used to identify the valuable resources and utilized them at their best (Peng, 2008, p.71). The analysis of WRSX using the VRIN framework is as follows. Valuable: The valuable asset of the company is the capability of the team to perform locally. They understand the local customer needs more. Rare: The capability of the company to attract the customers and retain them is the best in the concerned industry (Sanchez, 2008, p.34). This capability will provide them above average return if they use the resources strategically. In-imitable: There are no such in-imitable resources of the company. Other companies in the industry can imitate these resources available to them (McKinney, 2008, p.2). As the advertising and marketing communications is a fast moving industry, so there is enough chance for the company management to develop such resources. Non-Substitutable: The non-substitutable nature of the asset of a company means that the company owns such asset that cannot be imitated by the competitors by any means, and meet the customer needs (Carter, Clegg and Kornberger, 2011, p.87). WRSX doesn’t have such assets which can be substituted by some other asset. Though the company has some valuable resources but they are not using those strategically at present. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis of the company is a popular tool for the analysts as it describes the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of the company (Handlechner, 2008, p.10). Using this tool the management of the company can improve in the areas of their weaknesses, use the opportunities and can take effective steps for facing the thr eats for the company (Mello, 2003, p.43). The SWOT analysis of the company is as follows Strength: The Company prefers to provide service locally. They followed the ‘

Sustainable Rural Smart Development: The Balancing Act

Sustainable Rural Smart Development: The Balancing Act Regional perspectives are changing the way we approach regional topics, including water planning, open space habitat preservation, economic development, and housing. Emerging issues, such as climate change, renewable energy, and public health, are stepping into the regional planning field[1]. Although land-use and zoning regulations remain at the local level, today regional plans have evolved to address development patterns and land use. Regional development approaches can provide understanding on the dynamics of rural and peri-urban territories, or fringe areas. Many of the standards and principles that are applied to local planning initiatives can be applied also to regional planning and some of them in the opposite direction. For example, consider the possible contributions of location theories, such as the importance of physical proximity in growth mechanisms, in the context of these fringe areas and their development. One such approach to sustainable development in rural and fringe areas is the incorporation of rural smart growth principles and integrated regional planning approaches into Sustainable Rural Smart Development Rural Smart. Rural Smart growth is: Smart, by supporting fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in farming, forestry, and rural areas, skills and promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy in driving economic sectors, by recognizing the role of local expertise and consider how to utilize and develop it, but also by providing incentives for social innovation promoting social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development; Sustainable, by increasing resource efficiency, maintaining the food, feed and renewables production base, providing environmental public goods, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing carbon sequestration, and development of renewable energy projects and green infrastructure, safeguard sustainable land management, and restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to farming and forestry; and Inclusive, by unlocking local potential in promoting food-chain organization, including the processing and marketing of agricultural products, animal welfare and risk management in agriculture, expanding rural economies, growing regional markets and jobs, and broadening opportunities to accompany agricultural innovation and diversification. Rural Smart practices are adapted to specific local contexts with the participation of a broad array of stakeholders residents, businesses, developers, elected officials in decision-making processes concerning the future of their communities. In particular, considering how territorial development is envisioned today the coexistence of different land uses, and coalescence, in certain areas and their associated implications require the adoption of new approaches to development strategies that go beyond the traditional divide between the old and the new. The ASP provides a framework for subsequent subdivision and development lands in the urban fringe as part of a proactive approach applied in early stages of industrial development projects. This framework incorporates approaches to sustainable development including low-impact and cluster development resulting in a higher quality industrial development in connection to a larger community. Additional design guidelines guide development and facilitate higher performance green buildings and operations, green infrastructure, and sustainable design approaches thus encouraging developing efficient industrial facilities and processes that: Systemically optimize material, energy, and water flows throughout industrial supply chains. Maximize productive use of input resources and by-products, waste is non-productive. Minimize impacts on the environment by moving toward zero waste and emissions. Integrate sustainable design in facilities and sites. Utilize clean production and eco-efficient technologies and processes. Maximize use of renewable energy systems and sustainably produced feedstocks. Establish the business relationships to share amenities and facilities. This approach to industrial development yields a triple tier of benefits for: Business Greater resource efficiency equals decreased operating costs. Enhanced competitiveness and potential for revenue generation. Increased return on capital investments and asset value. Energy security and independence. Stronger connections with suppliers, customers, and community. Access to eco-product markets capitalizes on the growing consumer demand greener products. Reduced future costs to business and community such as clean-up liabilities. Community More sustainable industrial operations and local prosperity creation (business, jobs, and capital). Can strengthen existing business base and enhance recruiting. Reduced long-term infrastructure and operations costs. Reduced emissions resulting in improved community health. Improved community industry relations, quality job creation, and workforce attraction. Enhanced community identity through eco-branding. Strengthens local economy through regionally produced feed stocks, products, and services. Environment Less waste, emissions, and pollution. More efficient use of energy and resources results in higher levels of clean production. Superior performance, goes beyond regulatory thresholds, and can help streamline regulatory processes. Replacement of fossil based energy and materials. Increased use of renewable energy and sustainable materials. Industrial system and supply-chain pollution prevention versus facility-based approach. 1.1 Goals and Objectives The purpose of the East Industrial Hub Area Structure Plan (EIH-ASP) is to identify those lands within the plan area, as shown in Map 1, where multi-lot housing, industry / business or other types of development may be considered. The main goal of the ASP is to provide a policy framework indicating the preferred land uses, road access improvements, and servicing requirements to ensure orderly planning in the area. The ASP outlines sustainable development standards for industrial development and compatible uses in proximity of industrial development consistent with IDP and ASP policies, and the Countys Municipal Development Plan to respond to future subdivision and development proposals. In order to achieve this main goal of providing a framework for orderly, economic, diverse, and sustainable development of land amongst other things that support the benefits for business, community and the environment, this ASP Bylaw sets the following objectives: To describe the land uses for the area, both in general and with respect to specific parts of the area; To describe the density of population proposed for the area, both in general and with respect to specific parts of the area; To outline the general location of major transportation routes and public utilities; To prescribe and regulate for each part of the area the purposes for which land and buildings may be respectively subdivided, developed, and used; To implement the policies of the statutory plans of the County of Vermilion River; and To establish the procedures for making amendments to this Bylaw. The East Industrial Hub Area Structure Plan is partially located within the intermunicipal development plan area with the City of Lloydminster. Each municipality already has a number of supportive policies in place. Therefore, fostering knowledge exchange will support the overall policy harmonization work to balance, as far as possible, the differences between the pace of growth and/or the level of development. [1] EMERGING TRENDS IN REGIONAL PLANNING, PAS 586. Piro, Rocky PhD, FAICP, and Leiter, Robert FAICP, Eds, with Rooney, Sharon AICP. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, January 2017. History of Skin Care| Cosmetic Company Analysis History of Skin Care| Cosmetic Company Analysis I. History of Skin Care Skin care is very ancient; it goes back to the prehistoric times where cave women and cave men deployed all their efforts to survive the severe weather conditions as they did not have any of the comfortable solution we benefit from today. Their skin structure was different from our skin, as it was rough enough to defend itself from sun rays and weather conditions. Even though their skin was enabled originally to fight those conditions, the prehistoric human was aware of certain skin care needs. Skincare the Ancient Civilizations Skin care for the prehistoric human was mainly associated with the relief of pain caused by severe weather conditions and sun exposure. The kind food they were eating was also one of the key causes of skin disease, as they were consuming fatty food that causes acne and skin inflammation. Human body has an impressive natural resistance and skin is considered very elastic having several layers. Human skin is greatly affected by environmental conditions; one can develop a layer of hard skin and get a tan but this process actually weaken skin barriers and decline its condition. The skin the largest organ in the human body and the most exposed to external conditions, as when it changes due to bad conditions it looses its elasticity and develop wrinkles, acne, spots and other symptoms. This is the reason why skin care is very ancient. The history of skin care in the ancient ages, show that the development of skin care remedies is related to the protection required during work performed by mankind. For example the farmers and fishermen have used skin care frequently in their history. Apparently the kind of job they were performing was inevitably exposing their skin to severe weather conditions. It was essential for these workers to preserve their skin against the environmental conditions. So the skin care products were invented to support the daily work life. Actually, it is very difficult to identify the precise time or year of skin care history. But scientist and researchers do have some information that let them determine that skincare dates back thousands of years. When we think about skin care, we generally think about the past fifty years. However, skin care has been around for thousands of years, dating back to the Ancient Egyptians. Skin care has been viewed throughout history as a compliment to beauty and hygiene. The Egyptians The human interest for beauty and appearance has been studied for thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians constitute one of the first civilizations to develop advanced skincare remedies. Researchers found that the first anti-aging methods that approached the skin from a beautifying and well being angle rather than just protection and maintenance were created in Cleopatras age. Cleopatra is famous for her skin care routine, including sour milk baths and Lactic acid for skin exfoliation. Egyptians accorded a great deal of awareness to beauty and body care and they created treatments to maintain their skin health and beauty. In Ancient Greece Beauty was identified by nudity. Greek athletes took regularly olive oil baths and powdered their bodies with sand to balance bodys temperature with the heat and also to protect their bodies from the sun (to prevent it from aging). Women as well as men moisturize their bodies with honey and olive oil to improve their skin health and appearance. Ancient Roman Hair removal was common not only for women but also among roman men. The Romans developed new methods of shaving. Beauty for them was strictly related to skin cleanness. The Romans lived in a water-rich area and took lots of baths to cleanse the skin, removing dirt and oil, and leaving it smooth. Scented oils that they extracted from plants and flowers were then applied to the skin. Bathing was the most important beauty routine for the Romans who related skin health and well being to cleanness. Beauty Hygiene Evolution Beauty and hygiene finished products began to emerge in the late nineteenth century, beginning with antiperspirants and deodorants. From the 1910s to the 1950s, a more regimented program was developed and women began exercise, diet, along with the use of cosmetics, makeup, hair, and body products. During the World War I, women learned to become independent both socially and economically. Women became part of the working class and were able to purchase more and more beauty products. During this time, Hollywood stars looks became desirable and women began to copy the looks of their favourite actresses. In the 1950s when TV became available in almost every home, advertisements were created. Sponsors of major corporations began to support TV shows and the radio. Today, the beauty industry is increasing sales significantly each year. Although ancient civilisations didnt have our technology at their fingertips, they were able to create clever, though sometimes dangerous, beauty concoctions. Nail polish originated in China around 3,000 B.C. The Chinese painted their nails with a polish made of gum arabic, egg whites, gelatin and beeswax. Ancient Egyptians made soap, soaked in milk baths to soften their skin, exfoliated with a mixture of crushed pumice stones and water and moisturized with olive oil. During this time, Egyptians also experimented with dramatic eye makeup. They smeared colorful malachite and galena over their faces and rimmed their eyes in kohl. Kohl was a paste of soot, animal fat and lead. Lead was used in cosmetics for hundreds of years. Ancient Greeks slathered lead all over their faces to whiten skin and clear blemishes. Centuries passed before people learned that lead is a dangerous ingredient with devastating side effects. Documented complications ranged from scarring to infertility to madness. FDA Regulatory The American Medical Association published â€Å"Three Cases of Lead Palsy from the Use of a Cosmetic Called Lairds Bloom of Youth.† This case study paved the way for the formation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1906. Three decades later, Ruth DeForest Lamb, the FDAs chief education officer, published a book that documented the serious complications from beauty products. This prompted the passing of the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act in 1938, putting cosmetics and medical devices under the FDAs control. Beauty pioneers, 1907 to 1950s At the turn of the century, the beauty industry boomed. Many of the popular companies and best-selling products of today first launched during these years. 1907: French chemist Eugene Schueller creates the first safe commercial hair dye and forms LOreal. 1909: Max Factor, often called the father of modern makeup, opens his first store in the theatre district in Los Angeles. 1910: Elizabeth Arden Salon opens on Fifth Avenue in New York City. In co-creating her signature face cream with a chemist, Elizabeth Arden (whose real name is Florence Nightingale Graham) revolutionizes the beauty industry. Science-based skincare becomes the standard, and the modern day spa is introduced. 1914: Max Factor perfects the first type of makeup for film — a â€Å"thinner greasepaint in cream form, packaged in a jar and created in 12 precisely graduated shades,† according to Procter Gamble. 1917: Maybelline founder T.L. Williams launches the first modern mascara after getting the idea from his sister Maybel. 1920s: Eyebrow pencils become popular, thanks to Hollywood star Greta Garbo. The new ingredient, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, helps the pencil glide on more easily. 1932: Brothers Charles and Joseph Revlon and chemist Charles Lachman create Revlon and launch a new kind of nail enamel. 1936: LOreals founder Schueller invents sunscreen. 1944: Miami pharmacist Benjamin Green develops sunscreen for soldiers fighting in World War II. The formula becomes Coppertone Suntan Cream. 1950s: Max Factor introduces the modern-day mascara with a tube and wand applicator. Hazel Bishop creates the first long-lasting lipstick. Skincare Today Moving into the era of Anti-aging has begun with the Baby Boomers generation who are concerned with preventing the aging process. This trend has become so popular, both men and women begun to give a lot of attention to their looks and begun to look for solutions to stop the aging clock. Plastic Surgery, the most sought after solution for both women and men, has become the biggest industry in anti-aging. Even the Plastic surgery industry is changing by moving away from more invasive procedures, such as face lifts and moving to less invasive treatments, such as injectable fillers. Because these â€Å"non-invasive† treatments are available, more and more men and women beginning with the Baby boomers into the Generations X and Y are heading into Plastic surgeons offices to look and feel younger. Laser treatments, Botox, Dysport, huyoluranic acid, restalyne that are injectable fillers are becoming the newest and greatest treatments available among billions of men and women from the 20s and up. Baby Boomers created this trend and the twenty-somethings are beginning to catch on and follow in their footsteps by preventing aging before it even begins. Physicians have been involved in creating some of the most innovative skin care solutions in the last ten years. As we move into the era of Anti-aging, Men and women are concerned with aging and their appearance. More people are looking for advanced skin care solutions. Skin care products with breakthrough ingredients are being sought after. Skin care products are developed to help prevent and heal and protect the skin from sun damage, pigmentation, fine lines, and wrinkles. If we look back throughout history we see that our ancestors have used skincare products on their faces and bodies in their purest forms. Nevertheless newer skin care products are being developed with breakthrough formulas and have very strong claims for preventing and correcting sings of aging. Today, we use some of the same skin care regimens as our ancient ancestors once did, meanwhile technology and scientific research introduced a new era of beauty. Some skincare products still use available fruits, vegetables, dairy products and fats that have been ancient secrets of hygiene, sun protection and anti-aging for thousands of centuries. Even looking back at our mothers and grandmothers skin care regimen was so simple but made a difference in our skins appearance. Egg whites in the hair and cucumbers on the eyes these ingredients appeared in skin care creams, lotions and cleansers for aging skin care programs. Skin care has been used throughout history to help achieve beauty, hygiene and maintain an attractive appearance. II. Current and Future Analyses Cosmetic Toiletries Market Background In the last decade, the cosmetics market has established a very good position and received a lot of attention around the world. The market targets consumers that are spending more and more on their appearances and skin health. The global Cosmetic Toiletries industry is currently worth $190bn, according to Euromonitors 2008 ‘Cosmetic and Toiletries World Report. This Market can be divided into five segments depending on the products use: SKINCARE: Including ‘Hand Body Care: Lotions and mosturizers and ‘Facial care: Moisturizers, cleaners, toners, Anti-aging products, etc MAKE-UP: lipsticks, lip glosses, mascaras, foundations, eye shadows etc. HYGIENE: Soaps Shower gels, deodorant, etc HAIRCARE FRAGRANCES Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic FDA defines cosmetics as articles intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the bodys structure or functions. This definition includes skin-care creams, lotions, powders, sprays, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup, permanent waves, hair colors, deodorants, baby products, bath oils, bubble baths and mouthwashes, as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. The global cosmetics industry has a comprehensive structural growth than that of other consumer products. It aims to meet two needs: 1-the essentials (the basic hygiene) and 2-the superfluous (makeup, skincare, perfumes ). However, it is characterized by a constant rise in innovation, a promotional rate increased by signs and a continuous recruitment and consumers volatile. The Top 10 Groups in Cosmetics Toiletries Sales: LOREAL: France The LOrà ©al Group headquartered in Paris, is the worlds largest cosmetics and beauty company. LOrà ©al has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair color, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care. Loreal has five divisions: Consumers Division, Luxury Division, Professional Division, Active Cosmetics and The Body Shop. Loreal is very is active in the luxury segment with brands such as Lancà ´me International, Bià ´therme and Helena Rubinstein. LOrà ©al is also active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields with brands like Vichy and Inneov. Turnover: 17.063 Billion â‚ ¬ PROCTER GAMBLE: PG U.S.A PG is number two in the cosmetics industry The Procter Gamble Company manufactures and sells various consumer products worldwide. The company offers cosmetics, deodorants, feminine care, fine fragrances, hair care, personal cleansing, and skin care products. PG is present in several areas besides cosmetics. The Perfumes and Cosmetics Division consists of mainly mass market brands like Olays and some prestige brands like DDF (Doctors Dermatologic Formula) and SKII. Turnover: 13.566 billion â‚ ¬ UNILIVER: Europe U.S.A Uniliver depends on mass market sales and mainly hygiene products like the Dove brand. Turnover: 8.736 billion â‚ ¬ with a presence in several areas besides cosmetics. ESTEE LAUDER: U.S.A The Estee Lauder Companies, engages in the manufacture, marketing, and sale of skin care, makeup, fragrance, and hair care products. Està ©e Lauder is ranked the fourth group in cosmetic sales worldwide. The Està ©e Lauder Inc includes other brand names such as Bumble Bumble, Clinique, Donna Karan, Aveda, Jo Malone, La Mer, MAC cosmetics and others. Turnover: 5.459 billion â‚ ¬ AVON: U.S.A Avon is a leading global beauty company, as the worlds largest direct seller, Avon markets to women in well over 100 countries through over five million independent Avon Sales Representatives. Avons product line includes beauty products, fashion jewelry and apparel. Turnover: 5.065 Billion â‚ ¬ in cosmetics which represent 70% of the group sales activity. SHISEIDO: JAPAN Its luxury brands: Carita, Decleor, Beauty Prestige International (Issey Miyake, Jean Paul Gautier). CA: 4.289 Billion â‚ ¬ Beiersdorf: Germany with main Brands Nivea, Labello Number Seven on the global cosmetic market and works on diverse markets include: toiletries and hygiene and health (BSN Medical). Turnover: 4.284 Billion â‚ ¬ CAO: Europe With brands such as Biorà © and Jhon Frieda. Number eight on the global cosmetic market and works on diverse markets but 50% of the global turnover of the group is due to its cosmetic activity. Turnover: 3.979 Billion â‚ ¬ JHONSON JHONSON: U.S.A Johnson Johnson engages in the manufacture and sale of various products in the health care field worldwide. Its Consumer segment offers products used in the baby and kids care, skin care, oral care, wound care, and womens health care fields. Turnover: 3.677 Billion â‚ ¬ and that is only 8% of the global turnover. HENKEL: Germany Henkel has diverse activities, mainly in laundry homecare, in beauty personal care and in adhesive sealants. Beauty care brands such as Schwarzkopf for hair care and Diadermine for skincare. Turnover: 2.972 Billionâ‚ ¬ Top 20 Groups on the Cosmetic Toiletries Market in 2008 U.S. Beauty Industry Having a year of recession in the US, the beauty market witnessed a decline in all its categories. According to research from NPD Group, Total US prestige beauty sales fell by 8% to 2.9bn in 2009 (January Through May) versus the same period in 2008. The Prestige beauty sales were the most affected by the current climate with 3.3 drop in sales in 2008. This decline is the first one posted by the research Group since 1997. Prestige Make-up and skincare sales were each down by 7% in this period. Even the skincare category that was showing a stable growth showed an important change with the crisis. This decline id the premium-priced skincare sales, affected the growth of the prestige market that has been significantly impacted and witnessed the first year of decline. Meanwhile private labels shares of the Cosmetic Toiletries market grew from 2% in 2007 to 3% in 2008 according to Euromonitor. This growth was driven primarily by the appeal of lower priced products, since private label products are usually priced at least 20% lower than prestige brands. Growth was also driven by retailers, especially drug stores chains, which are introducing higher quality products with more affordable prices. The luxury brands took action to change their strategies in order to fit to the current climate and make better sales. These brands have been highlighting the value approach above everything else; since consumers need to know that they are receiving real value for their spending has been more critical than ever. The actions conducted by beauty companies were not necessarily related to discounting. They have been re-evaluating the whole concept of the total value including the quality of the product, the packaging and the total shopping experience. With the new customers scientism it was essential for brands to raise their products values. The Strategies adopted to provide a better value for customers were concentrated on higher quality products, better services, pampering and a providing the consumers with a real understanding of the benefits they are offering. One of the obvious changed was seen also in the communications strategies of beauty brands, as they have reduced their advertising budgets in traditional media in favour of online campaigns. A rise in internet beauty sales has prompted this shift. PG for example, cut overall US media spending by 18% in the first quarter of 2008 according to TNS Media Intelligence data group, reducing its TV advertising budget by around 30%. On the other hand spending on the internet ads was tripled representing 4% of the groups total advertising budget. In this context social networking sites such as Twitter have taken a new importance, as for example MAC began using Twitter to send updates on backstage New Yorks Fashion Week. Other strategies include reaching out to beauty bloggers that are gaining more and more consumers trust and are representing a big buying influence. Evidently, CT sales in the US are unlikely to show growth as previous years. Euromonitor predicts a decline of 3% inconstant value sales between 2008 and 2013. However US consumers are preparing to spending more on beauty purchases that give them a real value for their money. The economy will recover soon, and beauty brands must set up new strategies to regain their positions in the beauty market. U.S. CT Sales in 2008 By Category $bn Category Sales $bn %Change 08/07 Haircare 10.24 -1.9 Makeup 8.82 -0.6 Skincare 8.30 +1.1 Oralcare 6.09 +0.9 Fragrances 5.57 -5.2 Other 15.59 N/A Total 52.14 -0.1 Source: Euromonitor While most of CT categories showed a decline, skincare was the only category that sustained a growth with +1.1% comparing to 2008. Skincare constitute the largest category in term of the US beauty sales. With 26.4%, of the overall US beauty sales, the skincare category has a promising future with the increasing importance consumers are according to their skin health. Europe Beauty Industry Due to the current economic Climate, 2008 has been a difficult year for the European beauty market. The European Cosmetic Association released the 2008 figures last May. The report data was consolidated by Euromonitor international and cover all 27 EU member stated. The western European market maintained its leading position in 2008, followed by Asia-Pacific and North America. Brazil had the biggest growth followed by Eastern Europe. Total sales for EU plus Switzerland and Norway reached â‚ ¬70bn ($103bn). The absence of growth is attributed to the drop in sales in the fourth quarter. Overall the decrease in Western European countries was compensated by the increase in Eastern EU countries especially Russia, Bulgaria and Romania. European CT Market Annual Growth In term of Volume, the top 5 are the same as 2007: Germany 17.9%, France 14.8%, UK 13%, Italy 12.9% and Sapin 11.1 accounting for 70% of the market. Germany is still the most lucrative market, with sales close to â‚ ¬13bn and 2% growth. Makeup segments grew the most, with a special success of natural products especially mineral based. German consumers tend to pay a lot of attention to ingredients. In France, the market only grew by 0.5%. Private labels contributed to keep a stable consumption. The UK market showed a great resilience to the current economic crisis. Sales of fragrances went up 11% and makeup up 9%. In Italy, the growth was 1%. Makeup was the best category at +3%. In term of chanels Italian consumers tend to favour chemists and direct sellers. In Spain, sales went down by 1.1% as a result of the crisis. Private Labels showed the best performance. Consumers spending show a different top 5: with 235 euros/per capita, Norway is still the number one market, followed by Switzerland 222, Denmark 187, Spain 171 and Austria 168. The European average stayed at 124 euros. European CT Market 2008 Sales by Country All Categories Dropped All five CT categories recorded a sharp slowdown in their growth in comparison with 2007: Fragrances plunged from + 4.8% to +0.4%, Make-up down from +6.7% to +2.3%, Skincare was the most affected by the crisis and dropped from +5.1% to -0.7% Hair care also went from +1.5% to -0.9%, Toiletries plunged from +4% to +0.5%. With the average total Europe fell from +3.8% to +0.1% Colipa cites the good sales in Romania, Bulgaria, Denmark and Spain, which compensated for the weaker figures in western countries such as the UK, France and Germany. Skincare remained the leading category representing 25.8% of the total sales. Toiletries came second with 24.4%, followed by haircare 22.2%, fragrances 15.3% and makeup 12.4%. Change in European Markets by Product Category (%08/07) Skincare Market Structure Skin care is a dynamic, rapidly evolving fragmented market with well established players, some good marketers, old companies, and new ventures. Consumers are well informed and demanding new products which offer more than just the functional benefits. Sensory and emotional features also play a very important role in the total product package. Baby boomers are still the core consumers, but the next generation in their 40s and beauty obsessed youth are also great potential customers for skin care industry. Product innovation is the driving force and the differentiation between mass market and premium category is becoming vague. Besides traditional retailer market supermarket, drug store and mass merchandise, skin care products are now also sold through professional channels like spas, dermatologists office, and plastic surgery clinics. According to Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FDC) Act, cosmetics and their ingredients are not required to undergo approval before they are sold to the public. Skin care product sales by mass marketers are increasing especially with the development of new products that claim to have same benefits of premium products with affordable prices. Department stores account are losing market share to other retailers such as drug stores, and professional circuits where sales of skin care products are significantly increasing. The Skincare Industry Segments Natural: there is no actual definition of natural. All ingredients are chemicals by definition. Derived ingredients are unnatural both according to the original substance and the method of derivation. Organic certified: an independent party guarantee of an organic claim. Certified organic products must contain a minimum of 95% organic ingredients excluding water and salt/minerals, with a small allowance for natural, non-organic ingredients that must comply with very rigorous processing criteria. Professional skin care brands: dermatological and clinical brands sold in outlets such as spas, dermatologists offices, plastic surgery clinics, and other professional channels. Cosmeceuticals Nutraceuticals: The term â€Å"cosmeceutical† was introduced for the first time by the dermatological professor Albert Kligman in the late 70s, to describe agent that are applied to the skin that are more active than cosmetics but not so active that they have uncomfortable or harmful side effects. Cosmeceuticals are the hybrids products between cosmetics and drugs, for topical application S. Cosmeceutical products are formulated with biologically active ingredients claiming to have medical or drug-like benefits. This market was initialised in the United States by dermatological doctors like Dr. Perricone and Dr. Murad who declinated their formulas through their own brands. At present the term has no regulatory standing, and the FDA does not recognize it, therefore these products do not need any form of additional regulatory. It is used more in a marketing context to highlight formulations or ingredients that claim to have perceptible effects on the skins structure and appearance. â€Å"Nutraceuticals† is emerging in the form of nutraceuticals-products taken internally in order to obtain an external skin care benefit. Because the skin is such an efficient barrier, and its upper layer has no blood supply, its difficult to get nutrients and other vital materials from the skins surface down into the deeper layer of the epidermis, where the cells are nourished. That is why nutraceuticals are vital to complete the role of topical application as they nourish the skin from within. The Skincare Market Metrics The global skin care market constitutes that largest category in the Cosmetic and Toiletries industry and is predicted to show 7% annual growth according to data from Euromonitor International. This market is driven by an aging population, growing consumer prosperity and the increasing importance of the emerging markets, according to a report by Global Industry Analysts. Skin care market shows a significant growth, mainly due to growth of anti aging products. Currently anti-aging products are the first category in sales and Hand body is expected to be second largest after that. Europe and U.S. represent the largest regions in global skincare market. Asia pacific is an important market for skin care. Japan has a large and affluent market, with beauty routines involving 5 or more steps in comparison to North American or European women who use a 3 step regimen. China is the second largest market in the region. Skin care is the largest category in the global CT market and it maintains a stable growth rates with a fluctuation due to the economic crisis. With sales up 6.8% in the overall market, facial skin care is the most profitable, but we are also seeing manufacturers such as LOreal and PG extending their facial brands to other parts of the body as the hand and body care is stating an important growth. Firming/anti-cellulite body care enjoyed growth of approximately 9.5% in 2008, making it the worlds most dynamic skin care sector and pinpointing to a growing consumer obsession with body-focused skin care. Other factors fueling skin cares growth in 2008 are the continued obsession with anti-aging products and Mens skin care. Skin care continues to be a core category. Skin care industry market retailing is confronted with changes in product segment, market segmentation, consumer preference and taste changes etc. Research and development are driving the creation of new generation of high-tech, innovative products. New technology, especially Internet, is providing new marketing tools for promotion and sale of skin care products. The Anti Aging Segment On a worldwide dynamic skincare market we do notice in spite of the dynamism that there is an erratic growth depending on the market segment. We notice that the anti aging category represents one of the highest growth rates in the beauty industry. The anti-aging segment is characterized typically into boomers and the youth anti-aging market. These markets vary in terms of products and service, market structure, and positioning. The global population of 200 million boomers is growing at 38%, in comparison with to the population, which is showing a 13% growth. This significant growth is making the boomer population more appealing for anti-aging business. Anti-aging groups are adjusting their strategies while targeting the boomer market, which differs with race, sex, income level, family status, young and old boomers, insurance status, and distribution channels; we see that companies interests in this market is making a big shift in products offers in term of innovation and high technologies that allow them to offer right, proper and effective products for this particular segment.